How can I get TypeScript to load the PDF.js NPM module and @types bindings in a way that generates working Node.JS code?

Maybe you can use require function.

Add @types/node packages, and write require('pdfjs-dist') at the top of the your source code. So, you can modify your code like below.

Now, this code will work.

import { PDFJSStatic } from 'pdfjs-dist';
const PDFJS: PDFJSStatic = require('pdfjs-dist');
PDFJS.getDocument('helloworld.pdf').then(console.log);

I think that @types/pdfjs-dist has problems in its implementation.