How can I run both Docker and Android Studio Emulator on Windows?

I was in the same situation and I think I came to a solution just a minute ago. The trick is to rely on VirtualBox to host the Docker engine. And the good news is that you can setup this using only docker commands !

Create virtualbox Docker machine

The command below will create a virtualbox machine that will run the actual Docker environment. It will download an image and setup everything for you.

> docker-machine create --driver virtualbox default

Once it has finished, you can check if the machine has been successfully created using the docker-machine ls command.

> docker-machine ls
NAME      ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER        ERRORS
default   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v17.04.0-ce

Setup shell

The machine has been created but the shell still need to be configured to access this remote Docker instance. The environment variables to set can be obtained using the docker-machine env default command. The output will be automatically adapted to the shell you are using (Powershell in the example below).

> docker-machine env
$Env:DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY = "1"
$Env:DOCKER_HOST = "tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
$Env:DOCKER_CERT_PATH = "C:\Users\DummyUser\.docker\machine\machines\default"
$Env:DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME = "default"
$Env:COMPOSE_CONVERT_WINDOWS_PATHS = "true"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# & "C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker\Resources\bin\docker-machine.exe" env | Invoke-Expression

Note that the last few lines returned by this command will tell you how to automatically apply the environment variables with a single command. You still can simply copy/paste the commands in your terminal.

Run docker !

That's it ! Now, you can run a simple docker command to make sure everything runs smoothly !

> docker run busybox echo hello world
 Unable to find image 'busybox' locally
 Pulling repository busybox
 e72ac664f4f0: Download complete
 511136ea3c5a: Download complete
 df7546f9f060: Download complete
 e433a6c5b276: Download complete
 hello world

Source: https://docs.docker.com/machine/get-started/

Android emulators can now run on Hyper-V. From @tmanolatos answer, here are the steps:

1. In start menu search for Turn Windows Features on or off

2. Check the box Windows Hypervisor platform:

   

3. You may be required to sign out of your system and sign back in

4. Docker and Android Studio Emulators should work together with no issue

For more details refer to Configure VM acceleration on Windows.