How can I trim leading and trailing white space?
As of R 3.2.0 a new function was introduced for removing leading/trailing white spaces:
trimws()
See: Remove Leading/Trailing Whitespace
Probably the best way is to handle the trailing white spaces when you read your data file. If you use read.csv
or read.table
you can set the parameterstrip.white=TRUE
.
If you want to clean strings afterwards you could use one of these functions:
# Returns string without leading white space
trim.leading <- function (x) sub("^\\s+", "", x)
# Returns string without trailing white space
trim.trailing <- function (x) sub("\\s+$", "", x)
# Returns string without leading or trailing white space
trim <- function (x) gsub("^\\s+|\\s+$", "", x)
To use one of these functions on myDummy$country
:
myDummy$country <- trim(myDummy$country)
To 'show' the white space you could use:
paste(myDummy$country)
which will show you the strings surrounded by quotation marks (") making white spaces easier to spot.