How do closures capture values from previous calls?

Obviously, Line A isn't being called each time counter1 is called.

The sequence of events is:

• makeCounter is called, which declares and initializes n (Line A), defines adder, and returns adder in a context that includes n already having been defined and initialized to 1.

• It is this function that was just returned that is assigned to counter1. Because the Line A is not part of that function (adder/counter1), it does not get executed when that function is called.

• Each call to counter1 is executed in that same context, which is why n retains its value across calls: they are all accessing the same n.