How do I do exponentiation in python?

You can also use the math library. For example:

import math
x = math.pow(2,3) # x = 2 to the power of 3

if you want to repeat it multiple times - you should consider using numpy:

import numpy as np

def cube(number):
    # can be also called with a list
    return np.power(number, 3)

print(cube(2))
print(cube([2, 8]))

^ is the xor operator.

** is exponentiation.

2**3 = 8

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