How do I force a user to change a password at the first time login using ssh?

change the age of password to 0 day

syntax chage -d 0 {user-name}

In this case

chage -d0 foo

This works for me over ssh also

Depending on the version passwd you can try

• passwd -f: Forces the user to change password at the next login by expiring the password for name.

• passwd -e or passwd --expire: Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to change his/her password at the user's next login.