How do I get the dialer to open with phone number displayed?

Two ways to achieve it.

1) Need to start the dialer via code, without user interaction.

You need Action_Dial,

use below code it will open Dialer with number specified

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:0123456789"));
startActivity(intent); 

The 'tel:' prefix is required, otherwhise the following exception will be thrown: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activity.

Action_Dial doesn't require any permission.

If you want to initiate the call directly without user's interaction , You can use action Intent.ACTION_CALL. In this case, you must add the following permission in your AndroidManifest.xml:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

2) Need user to click on Phone_Number string and start the call.

android:autoLink="phone" 

You need to use TextView with below property.

android:autoLink="phone" android:linksClickable="true" a textView property

You don't need to use intent or to get permission via this way.

Okay, it is going to be extremely late answer to this question. But here is just one sample if you want to do it in Kotlin.

val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL)
intent.data = Uri.parse("tel:<number>")
startActivity(intent)

Thought it might help someone.

Pretty late on the answer, but if you have a TextView that you're showing the phone number in, then you don't need to deal with intents at all, you can just use the XML attribute android:autoLink="phone" and the OS will automatically initiate an ACTION_DIAL Intent.