How do I return the SQL data types from my query?
For SQL Server 2012 and above: If you place the query into a string then you can get the result set data types like so:
DECLARE @query nvarchar(max) = 'select 12.1 / 10.1 AS [Column1]';
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set @query, null, 0;
You could also insert the results (or top 10 results) into a temp table and get the columns from the temp table (as long as the column names are all different).
SELECT TOP 10 *
INTO #TempTable
FROM <DataSource>
Then use:
EXEC tempdb.dbo.sp_help N'#TempTable';
or
SELECT *
FROM tempdb.sys.columns
WHERE [object_id] = OBJECT_ID(N'tempdb..#TempTable');
Extrapolated from Aaron's answer here.
select * from information_schema.columns
could get you started.