How do you pass a parameter to defineMessages in react-intl?

If I understood you correctly like this:

const messages = defineMessages({
  dataError: {
    id: 'data.error',
    defaultMessage: 'Could not retrieve data: {message}'
  }
})

<FormattedMessage
  {...messages.dataError}
  values={{message: `Could not retrieve data: ${e}`}}
/>

need to replace [default message] with {e} in defineMessages

const messages = defineMessages({
  dataError: {
    id: 'data.error',
    defaultMessage: 'Could not retrieve data: {e}'
  }
})

Define Message variable

 const message = "Error Message";

Pass message variable in Formatted Message

 <FormattedMessage
          {...messages.dataError}
          values={{ e: `${message}` }}
 />

Out Put in below

<span>Could not retrieve data: Error Message</span>

Hope it will help you.