How does one dodge or survive gate camps without stealth?

There are a few tricks to easily survive gate-camps:

1st point:

Never use straight lines in 0.0. Why? Because a lot of 24/7 sitted systems only have 2 gates. The bubble will just be on the line right beetween the gates and you'll automatically be thrown right into the bubble.
If possible, you'll want to warp to a planet, which is far away from the direct path, then warp to the destination gate. That way, you'll probably manage to go around the bubble.

2nd point:

Use a shuttle. Or any ship you'll be able to fit for fast spinning and good accelerations. Remember those omg-wtf-unlimitedspeed-nano-frigates?
(Or a full tanking drake should do the trick if you just go for a small-camp, they'll never be able to shut down your shield).

3rd point:

Try to know all the systems on your itinerary, and try to look for unusual paths.
You can look here for dangerous systems (stats for the last 3 hours), and you'd better check all the systems you'll go through, just to be safe.
Remember: the shortcut is a lie. The shortest path between populated regions will probably be heavily camped.

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Here are a few usefull links:
- Ombeve (A good .pdf map. Print it, and stick it all over the room. Seriously.)
- Dotlan (Want some info for the next system? choose the region, click the system on the map, and look at the ship-kills stats. Instant camp-gate indicator)
- ICSC Jump planner for those who fly carriers. (It'll help you to reduce costs, you'll just have to check dangerosity for the suggested systems)

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About the cloacking subject, the training time for a blank new character (without optimisation:
1) To use a Prototype Cloaking Device I -> 21h 30min;
2) To use an Improved Cloaking Device II -> 1d 23h 20m;
3) To use a Covert Ops Cloaking Device II -> 7d, 3h, 30min, + 23d 15h 50 min for the T2 frigate.