How does Range affect damage in Fallout 4?
A weapon's range value is the maximum range within which a weapon does maximum damage. Exceeding it, the damage output will increasingly decrease until at twice the range and after, the damage output will be halved.
A weapon's 'Range' (which is likely in in-game meters or (more appropriately) feet) is the distance after which a projectile's speed (or damage) deteriorates, or, in the words of the Fandom page:
the furthest distance that a particular weapon will deal its maximum damage outside of V.A.T.S. and additionally affect the chance to hit a target when using V.A.T.S.
It can thus be interpreted as "maximum optimal range".
According to the Damage Resistance page on Fandom, weapon damage beyond this maximum range will decrease the damage up to 50% when the range is doubled:
PaperDamage
=WeaponBaseDamage
xRangeMulti
( x Perk 1 × Perk 2 × ⋯)where
RangeMulti
is 1.0 at 100% WeaponRange or closer, 0.5 at 200% ofWeaponRange
or farther, and scales from 1.0 to 0.5 as range increases from 100% to 200% ofWeaponRange
.This applies to projectile, close-combat, and energy weapons.
From some point onward, the damage will drop to 0, but this is beyond the vanilla maximum NPC draw distance.EDIT: each weapon has an
Out-of-Range Multiplier
value. It is true that for most weapons this value is0.5
, but some weapons deviate from this (like the Assaultron Laser, which only decreases to0.8
).