How many perfect cubes are between $2^8+1$ to $2^{18}+1$ ( inclusively)

One way to get around your very limited human sense of numbers is to take advantage of logarithms and roots whenever you can.

For problems like the one you're dealing with today, what you need is the computation of cubic roots. For example, $10$ is not a perfect cube, but we see that $\root 3 \of {10} \approx 2.15$, and then we check that $2^3 < 10 < 3^3$. What's more, this "$\approx 2.15$" should tell you that $10$ is much closer to the next lower perfect cube than it is to the next higher cube.

So for your particular problem, you need to find that $\root 3 \of {2^8 + 1} \approx 6.35$ and $\root 3 \of {2^{18} + 1} \approx 64.00008$.

Hint:

For every positive integer $x$: $$2^8+1\le x^3\le2^{18}+1\iff\sqrt[3]{2^8+1}\le x\le \sqrt[3]{2^{18}+1}\iff 7\le x\le 2^6$$