How to access local files of the filesystem in the Android emulator?

You can use the adb command which comes in the tools dir of the SDK:

adb shell

It will give you a command line prompt where you can browse and access the filesystem. Or you can extract the files you want:

adb pull /sdcard/the_file_you_want.txt

Also, if you use eclipse with the ADT, there's a view to browse the file system (Window->Show View->Other... and choose Android->File Explorer)

In Android Studio 3.0 and later do this:

View > Tool Windows > Device File Explorer

In addition to the accepted answer, if you are using Android Studio you can

invoke Android Device Monitor,
select the device in the Devices tab on the left,
select File Explorer tab on the right,
navigate to the file you want, and
click the Pull a file from the device button to save it to your local file system

Taken from Working with an emulator or device's file system

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