How to automatically select bridged network interfaces in Vagrant?

You can actually provide a list of bridges and Virtualbox will cycle through them until it finds one that it can use. Put these in order of how you want them to be tried:

For example on my OSX Macbook:

  config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: [
      "en0: Wi-Fi (AirPort)",    
      "en1: Wi-Fi (AirPort)",
  ]

So in your case:

config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: [
    "Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection",
    "VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1",
    "VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8",
]

in your Vagrantfile, you should add

config.vm.network "public_network", bridge: "Intel(R) 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection"

Then it should make vagrant happy (actually its more VirtualBox that is getting happy in this case) and select the correct network adapter for the VM