How to bind parameters via ODBC C#?

Odbc cannot use named parameters. This means that the command string uses placeholders for every parameter and this placeholder is a single question mark, not the parameter name.

OdbcCommand.Parameters

Then you need to add the parameters in the collection in the same order in which they appear in the command string

OdbcCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE id = ?";
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id", OdbcType.Int).Value = 4;
OdbcDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();

You have also another problem, the USER word is a reserved keyword per MS Access Database and if you want to use that as field name or table name then it is required to enclose every reference with square brackets. I strongly suggest, if it is possible, to change that table name because you will be hit by this problem very often.

use "?" in place of @ if you are using ODBC.

Try to do as follows:

OdbcCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();

cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?";
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id", OdbcType.Int).Value = 4;
OdbcDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();

To use ODBC parameterized LIKE carry out as follows, i.e. you do not use the typical single quotes or even put the % in the CommandText (Furthermore I think perhaps the %? has a special meaning for Oracle? :

OdbcCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM [user] WHERE name LIKE ?";
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@fieldName", OdbcType.NVarChar).Value = "%" + nameFilter + "%";