how to build a linked list c code example

Example 1: Linked List Program in C

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

struct node {
   int data;
   int key;
   struct node *next;
};

struct node *head = NULL;
struct node *current = NULL;

//display the list
void printList() {
   struct node *ptr = head;
   printf("\n[ ");
	
   //start from the beginning
   while(ptr != NULL) {
      printf("(%d,%d) ",ptr->key,ptr->data);
      ptr = ptr->next;
   }
	
   printf(" ]");
}

//insert link at the first location
void insertFirst(int key, int data) {
   //create a link
   struct node *link = (struct node*) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
	
   link->key = key;
   link->data = data;
	
   //point it to old first node
   link->next = head;
	
   //point first to new first node
   head = link;
}

//delete first item
struct node* deleteFirst() {

   //save reference to first link
   struct node *tempLink = head;
	
   //mark next to first link as first 
   head = head->next;
	
   //return the deleted link
   return tempLink;
}

//is list empty
bool isEmpty() {
   return head == NULL;
}

int length() {
   int length = 0;
   struct node *current;
	
   for(current = head; current != NULL; current = current->next) {
      length++;
   }
	
   return length;
}

//find a link with given key
struct node* find(int key) {

   //start from the first link
   struct node* current = head;

   //if list is empty
   if(head == NULL) {
      return NULL;
   }

   //navigate through list
   while(current->key != key) {
	
      //if it is last node
      if(current->next == NULL) {
         return NULL;
      } else {
         //go to next link
         current = current->next;
      }
   }      
	
   //if data found, return the current Link
   return current;
}

//delete a link with given key
struct node* delete(int key) {

   //start from the first link
   struct node* current = head;
   struct node* previous = NULL;
	
   //if list is empty
   if(head == NULL) {
      return NULL;
   }

   //navigate through list
   while(current->key != key) {

      //if it is last node
      if(current->next == NULL) {
         return NULL;
      } else {
         //store reference to current link
         previous = current;
         //move to next link
         current = current->next;
      }
   }

   //found a match, update the link
   if(current == head) {
      //change first to point to next link
      head = head->next;
   } else {
      //bypass the current link
      previous->next = current->next;
   }    
	
   return current;
}

void sort() {

   int i, j, k, tempKey, tempData;
   struct node *current;
   struct node *next;
	
   int size = length();
   k = size ;
	
   for ( i = 0 ; i < size - 1 ; i++, k-- ) {
      current = head;
      next = head->next;
		
      for ( j = 1 ; j < k ; j++ ) {   

         if ( current->data > next->data ) {
            tempData = current->data;
            current->data = next->data;
            next->data = tempData;

            tempKey = current->key;
            current->key = next->key;
            next->key = tempKey;
         }
			
         current = current->next;
         next = next->next;
      }
   }   
}

void reverse(struct node** head_ref) {
   struct node* prev   = NULL;
   struct node* current = *head_ref;
   struct node* next;
	
   while (current != NULL) {
      next  = current->next;
      current->next = prev;   
      prev = current;
      current = next;
   }
	
   *head_ref = prev;
}

void main() {
   insertFirst(1,10);
   insertFirst(2,20);
   insertFirst(3,30);
   insertFirst(4,1);
   insertFirst(5,40);
   insertFirst(6,56); 

   printf("Original List: "); 
	
   //print list
   printList();

   while(!isEmpty()) {            
      struct node *temp = deleteFirst();
      printf("\nDeleted value:");
      printf("(%d,%d) ",temp->key,temp->data);
   }  
	
   printf("\nList after deleting all items: ");
   printList();
   insertFirst(1,10);
   insertFirst(2,20);
   insertFirst(3,30);
   insertFirst(4,1);
   insertFirst(5,40);
   insertFirst(6,56);
   
   printf("\nRestored List: ");
   printList();
   printf("\n");  

   struct node *foundLink = find(4);
	
   if(foundLink != NULL) {
      printf("Element found: ");
      printf("(%d,%d) ",foundLink->key,foundLink->data);
      printf("\n");  
   } else {
      printf("Element not found.");
   }

   delete(4);
   printf("List after deleting an item: ");
   printList();
   printf("\n");
   foundLink = find(4);
	
   if(foundLink != NULL) {
      printf("Element found: ");
      printf("(%d,%d) ",foundLink->key,foundLink->data);
      printf("\n");
   } else {
      printf("Element not found.");
   }
	
   printf("\n");
   sort();
	
   printf("List after sorting the data: ");
   printList();
	
   reverse(&head);
   printf("\nList after reversing the data: ");
   printList();
}

Example 2: how to make a linked list in c

typedef struct node{
    int value; //this is the value the node stores
    struct node *next; //this is the node the current node points to. this is how the nodes link
}node;

node *createNode(int val){
    node *newNode = malloc(sizeof(node));
    newNode->value = val;
    newNode->next = NULL;
    return newNode;
}

Example 3: creating and displaying linked list in c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct node 
{
    int num;                        //Data of the node
    struct node *nextptr;           //Address of the next node
}*stnode;

void createNodeList(int n); // function to create the list
void displayList();         // function to display the list

int main()
{
    int n;
		printf("\n\n Linked List : To create and display Singly Linked List :\n");
		printf("-------------------------------------------------------------\n");
		
    printf(" Input the number of nodes : ");
    scanf("%d", &n);
    createNodeList(n);
    printf("\n Data entered in the list : \n");
    displayList();
    return 0;
}
void createNodeList(int n)
{
    struct node *fnNode, *tmp;
    int num, i;
    stnode = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

    if(stnode == NULL) //check whether the fnnode is NULL and if so no memory allocation
    {
        printf(" Memory can not be allocated.");
    }
    else
    {
// reads data for the node through keyboard

        printf(" Input data for node 1 : ");
        scanf("%d", &num);
        stnode->num = num;      
        stnode->nextptr = NULL; // links the address field to NULL
        tmp = stnode;
// Creating n nodes and adding to linked list
        for(i=2; i<=n; i++)
        {
            fnNode = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
            if(fnNode == NULL)
            {
                printf(" Memory can not be allocated.");
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                printf(" Input data for node %d : ", i);
                scanf(" %d", &num);
 
                fnNode->num = num;      // links the num field of fnNode with num
                fnNode->nextptr = NULL; // links the address field of fnNode with NULL
 
                tmp->nextptr = fnNode; // links previous node i.e. tmp to the fnNode
                tmp = tmp->nextptr; 
            }
        }
    }
}
void displayList()
{
    struct node *tmp;
    if(stnode == NULL)
    {
        printf(" List is empty.");
    }
    else
    {
        tmp = stnode;
        while(tmp != NULL)
        {
            printf(" Data = %d\n", tmp->num);       // prints the data of current node
            tmp = tmp->nextptr;                     // advances the position of current node
        }
    }
}