How to calculate CRC32 with Python to match online results?

It seems that python is returning an signed integer (hence the negative number), whereas the others are returning an unsigned integer.

I have tried using a modulus with 2^32, and it gave the same value as these sites.

>>> hex(zlib.crc32(b'hello-world')% 2**32)
'0xb1d4025b'

zlib.crc32 documentation suggests using the following approach "to generate the same numeric value across all Python versions and platforms".

import zlib
hex(zlib.crc32(b'hello-world') & 0xffffffff)

The result is 0xb1d4025b as expected.

Python 2 (unlike py3) is doing a signed 32-bit CRC.

Those sites are doing an unsigned 32-bit CRC.

The values are the same otherwise, as you can see from this:

>>> 0x100000000 - 0xb1d4025b == 0x4e2bfda5
True

One quick way to convert from 32-bit signed to 32-bit unsigned is:^*

>>> -1311505829 % (1<<32)
2983461467

Or, in hex:

>>> hex(-1311505829 % (1<<32))
'0xb1d4025b'

& 0xFFFFFFFF or % 0x100000000 or & (2**32-1) or % (2**32) and so on are all equivalent ways to do the same bit-twiddling; it just comes down to which one you find most readable.

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_{* This only works in languages that do floored integer division, like Python (-3 // 2 == -2); in languages that do truncated integer division, like Java (-3 / 2 == -1), you'll still end up with a negative number. And in languages that don't even require that division and mod go together properly, like C, all bets are off—but in C, you'd just cast the bytes to the type you want…}