How to call and execute stored procedures in ASP.Net MVC(C#)

If using EF is not a necessity you can do it in the following way:

string cnnString = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnectionStringName"].ConnectionString;

SqlConnection cnn = new SqlConnection(cnnString);
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = cnn;
cmd.CommandType = System.Data.CommandType.StoredProcedure;
cmd.CommandText = "ProcedureName";
//add any parameters the stored procedure might require
cnn.Open();
object o = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
cnn.Close();

If you need to use Entity Framework check out this discussion. Also you want to use the Stored Procedures for Inserting, Updating and deleting check out this tutorial from Microsoft.

To execute the code from a button click you can create a form an place just one button inside the form like this:

@using(Html.BeginForm("TestAction", "TestController", FormMethod.Get))
{
    <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
}

And in your controller you would have a TestAction method like this

public ActionResult TestAction(){....}

if you need to pass any arguments to TestAction, just specify them as parameters in the method and then use the overloaded version of BeginForm that accepts actionName, controllerName, routeValues and formMethod as arguments.

To pass the results to a view you need to create a view model with properties according to the values you recieve from the stored procedure and then, return a view with the view model from the TestAction method.