How to check if app is cpu-bound or memory-bound?

Unless you have a latency built into the system, just run the application for some time on a dedicated machine and check the CPU counters. If the app uses 100% of the CPU core it can access, it's CPU bound. Otherwise, it spends time on other things like memory allocations and IOs.

You could always profile your application to see where it spends most of the time.

You can learn a lot about your application's behaviour and data access patterns this way.

If you are using Linux, you have a wide range of available tools for profiling, like:

• OProfile
• sysprof
• valgrind + kcachegrind

EDIT:

For a more exact measurement of the processor performance as well as memory accesses, you could also try the AMD CodeAnalyst Performance Analyzer. Here are instructions on how to use it with Intel processors, though I haven't tried it myself.

Another tool that you might also find useful is the Intel Performance Tuning Utility.