How to check if variable is Date or Time or DateTime in Ruby?

Another option:

def is_datetime(d)
  d.methods.include? :strftime
end

Or alternatively:

if d.respond_to?(:strftime)
  # d is a Date or DateTime object
end 

If you want to verify the object, here you have a couple of examples:

nisevi@nisevi ~:$ irb
irb(main):001:0> require "date"
=> true
irb(main):002:0> require "time"
=> true
irb(main):003:0> d = Date.new
=> #<Date: -4712-01-01 ((0j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>
irb(main):004:0> dt = DateTime.new
=> #<DateTime: -4712-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 ((0j,0s,0n),+0s,2299161j)>  
irb(main):005:0> t = Time.new
=> 2016-06-22 21:33:09 +0200

irb(main):014:0> d.instance_of?(Date)
=> true
irb(main):015:0> d.instance_of?(DateTime)
=> false
irb(main):016:0> d.instance_of?(Time)
=> false
irb(main):017:0> dt.instance_of?(DateTime)
=> true
irb(main):018:0> dt.instance_of?(Time)
=> false
irb(main):019:0> dt.instance_of?(Date)
=> false
irb(main):020:0> t.instance_of?(Time)
=> true
irb(main):021:0> t.instance_of?(DateTime)
=> false
irb(main):022:0> t.instance_of?(Date)
=> false

Also I think that TimeZone is from Rails and not from Ruby.

As per your comment if you want to convert a Time object to DateTime I think that something like this it should work:

def time_to_datetime time
  return time.to_datetime if time.instance_of?(Time)
  false
end

Here you have some code:

irb(main):026:0> t.instance_of?(Time)
=> true
irb(main):027:0> t.methods.sort.to_s
=> "[:!, :!=, :!~, :+, :-, :<, :<=, :<=>, :==, :===, :=~, :>, :>=, :__id__, :__send__, :asctime, :between?, :class, :clone, :ctime, :day, :define_singleton_method, :display, :dst?, :dup, :enum_for, :eql?, :equal?, :extend, :freeze, :friday?, :frozen?, :getgm, :getlocal, :getutc, :gmt?, :gmt_offset, :gmtime, :gmtoff, :hash, :hour, :httpdate, :inspect, :instance_eval, :instance_exec, :instance_of?, :instance_variable_defined?, :instance_variable_get, :instance_variable_set, :instance_variables, :is_a?, :isdst, :iso8601, :itself, :kind_of?, :localtime, :mday, :method, :methods, :min, :mon, :monday?, :month, :nil?, :nsec, :object_id, :private_methods, :protected_methods, :public_method, :public_methods, :public_send, :remove_instance_variable, :respond_to?, :rfc2822, :rfc822, :round, :saturday?, :sec, :send, :singleton_class, :singleton_method, :singleton_methods, :strftime, :subsec, :succ, :sunday?, :taint, :tainted?, :tap, :thursday?, :to_a, :to_date, :to_datetime, :to_enum, :to_f, :to_i, :to_r, :to_s, :to_time, :trust, :tuesday?, :tv_nsec, :tv_sec, :tv_usec, :untaint, :untrust, :untrusted?, :usec, :utc, :utc?, :utc_offset, :wday, :wednesday?, :xmlschema, :yday, :year, :zone]"
irb(main):028:0> t.to_datetime
=> #<DateTime: 2016-06-22T21:33:09+02:00 ((2457562j,70389s,767750206n),+7200s,2299161j)>
irb(main):029:0> t.instance_of?(Time)
=> true
irb(main):030:0> t.instance_of?(DateTime)
=> false
irb(main):031:0> tdt = t.to_datetime
=> #<DateTime: 2016-06-22T21:33:09+02:00 ((2457562j,70389s,767750206n),+7200s,2299161j)>
irb(main):032:0> tdt.instance_of?(Time)
=> false
irb(main):033:0> tdt.instance_of?(DateTime)
=> true

Here you have some interesting info In Ruby on Rails, what's the difference between DateTime, Timestamp, Time and Date?

you can inspect the class of a object doing

object.class

It should return Date, String or whatever it is. You can also do the reverse and check if an object is an instance of a class:

object.instance_of?(class)

where class is the one you want to check (String, Date), returning true/false