How to convert an action to a defined delegate of the same signature?

is this what you want?

static void Main(string[] args)
{

    Program p = new Program();
    p.SomeMethod();
}

public class Fruit
{ }

public class Apple : Fruit { }

public delegate void FruitDelegate<in T>(T f) where T : Fruit;

class Test
{
    public static void Notify<T>(FruitDelegate<T> del)
        where T : Fruit, new()
    {
        T t = new T();
        del.DynamicInvoke(t);
    }
}

private void AppleHandler(Apple apple)
{
    Console.WriteLine(apple.GetType().FullName);
}

public void SomeMethod()
{
    FruitDelegate<Apple> del = new FruitDelegate<Apple>(AppleHandler);
    Test.Notify<Apple>(del);
}

There is good reason you cannot do this. Suppose the rest of your method was:

class Test
{
    public delegate void FruitDelegate(Fruit f);

    public void Notify<T>(Action<T> del) where T : Fruit
    {
        FruitDelegate f = del; 
        f(new Banana());  //should be legal, but del may be Action<Apple>
    }
}

That would definitely not work, so the compiler is correct here.