How to convert ‘false’ to 0 and ‘true’ to 1 in Python

Use int() on a boolean test:

x = int(x == 'true')

int() turns the boolean into 1 or 0. Note that any value not equal to 'true' will result in 0 being returned.

If B is a Boolean array, write

B = B*1

(A bit code golfy.)

You can use x.astype('uint8') where x is your Boolean array.