How to create an android app using HTML 5
You can write complete apps for almost any smartphone platform (Android, iOS,...) using Phonegap. (http://www.phonegap.com)
It is an open source framework that exposes native capabilities to a web view, so that you can do anything a native app can do.
This is very suitable for cross platform development if you're not building something that has to be pixel perfect in every way, or is very hardware intensive.
If you are looking for UI Frameworks that can be used to build such apps, there is a wide range of different libraries. (Like Sencha, jQuery mobile, ...)
And to be a little biased, there is something I built as well: http://www.m-gwt.com
Try Sencha Touch. It is a HTML5 compliant framework to build application for touch devices.
When people talk about HTML5 applications they're most likely talking about writing just a simple web page or embedding a web page into their app (which will essentially provide the user interface). For the later there are different frameworks available, e.g. PhoneGap. These are used to provide more than the default browser features (e.g. multi touch) as well as allowing the app to run seamingly "standalone" and without the browser's navigation bars etc.
Here is a starting point for developing Android apps with HTML5. The HTML code will be stored in the "assets/www" folder in your Android project.
https://github.com/jakewp11/HTML5_Android_Template.git