How to debug an App on Android with GDBSERVER?

While it is possible to develop free standing applications that can be launched directly from the shell as others are describing, it sounds like your code runs within the Android application framework. Therefore, you don't have an executable and instead have an APK that contains your Dalvik class files along with other resources including your native shared object.

Launching an application in an APK involves several steps

1. The system_server process receives an intent requesting your application.
2. The zygote process is told to fork off a new process and run a method of your class.
3. Your application runs in the new process.

While you can't launch an APK directly by passing an executable to gdbserver, its fairly easy to trigger a launch it from the shell using the am command.

$ adb -d shell
# am
usage: am [subcommand] [options]

    start an Activity: am start [-D] <INTENT>
        -D: enable debugging

    send a broadcast Intent: am broadcast <INTENT>

    start an Instrumentation: am instrument [flags] <COMPONENT>
        -r: print raw results (otherwise decode REPORT_KEY_STREAMRESULT)
        -e <NAME> <VALUE>: set argument <NAME> to <VALUE>
        -p <FILE>: write profiling data to <FILE>
        -w: wait for instrumentation to finish before returning

    start profiling: am profile <PROCESS> start <FILE>
    stop profiling: am profile <PROCESS> stop

    <INTENT> specifications include these flags:
        [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>]
        [-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...]
        [-e|--es <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_STRING_VALUE> ...]
        [--ez <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_BOOLEAN_VALUE> ...]
        [-e|--ei <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_INT_VALUE> ...]
        [-n <COMPONENT>] [-f <FLAGS>] [<URI>]


# am start -n com.android.browser/.BrowserActivity
Starting: Intent { cmp=com.android.browser/.BrowserActivity }
#

Once your application is running, use gdbserver --attach <pid> like you have before. If you are lucky your application waits for some user interaction before calling into your native code to give you a chance to attach and set your breakpoints in GDB.

Google provides an official solution to your problem: 'ndk-gdb'

It is included in the NDK. IIRC, it requires that you have a copy of gdbserver bundled up inside your APK; IIRC, this will happen automatically if you built your APK with 'ndk-build', and specified the appropriate arguments.

Please see Google's documentation in $NDK/docs/NDK-BUILD.html and $NDK/docs/NDK-GDB.html

</ryan>