How to declare a constant map in Golang?

You can create constants in many different ways:

const myString = "hello"
const pi = 3.14 // untyped constant
const life int = 42 // typed constant (can use only with ints)

You can also create a enum constant:

const ( 
   First = 1
   Second = 2
   Third = 4
)

You can not create constants of maps, arrays and it is written in effective go:

Constants in Go are just that—constant. They are created at compile time, even when defined as locals in functions, and can only be numbers, characters (runes), strings or booleans. Because of the compile-time restriction, the expressions that define them must be constant expressions, evaluatable by the compiler. For instance, 1<<3 is a constant expression, while math.Sin(math.Pi/4) is not because the function call to math.Sin needs to happen at run time.

Your syntax is incorrect. To make a literal map (as a pseudo-constant), you can do:

var romanNumeralDict = map[int]string{
  1000: "M",
  900 : "CM",
  500 : "D",
  400 : "CD",
  100 : "C",
  90  : "XC",
  50  : "L",
  40  : "XL",
  10  : "X",
  9   : "IX",
  5   : "V",
  4   : "IV",
  1   : "I",
}

Inside a func you can declare it like:

romanNumeralDict := map[int]string{
...

And in Go there is no such thing as a constant map. More information can be found here.

Try it out on the Go playground.