How to develop 100% server-side applications?

Bluntly, Meteor is not what you're looking for. The main advantages Meteor framework has to offer aren't the parts you're looking to use.

I'm honestly not sure what the right application is for you. But it sure ain't Meteor.

Vaadin seems to come pretty close to what you want. I have no experience with it myself, but from what I've read, it should allow you to write your entire application (including the UI logic) in server-side code (Java). The framework takes care of the inevitable client-side stuff (Ajax).

References

• Differences between GWT and Vaadin
• Unterstanding how Vaadin uses GWT