How to display file properties via terminal?

Use the stat command to know the details of the file. If file name is file_name, use

stat file_name

There is no dedicated command for this. For meta information like time, size and access rights, use

ls -l path-to-file

You might also be interested in what kind of file it is, file path-to-file will help you with that.

Have you tried file?

For example:

file picture.jpg