How to exclude the folders proc and sys from search with find command ?

To exclude specific paths, on Linux:

find / -path /sys -prune -o -path /proc -prune -o -type d

Another approach is to tell find not to recurse under different filesystems.

find / -xdev -type d

You could also use locate to query a database of file names (usually updated nightly, you could also update it manually using updatedb) instead of the live system.

locate '*' | shuf -n 1

with GNU find you may also use regex options, e. g. like this:

find / -regextype posix-extended -regex "/(sys|srv|proc)" -prune -o -type d