How to expect some (but not all) arguments with RSpec should_receive?

There's another way to do this, which is the block form of receive: https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-mocks/v/3-2/docs/configuring-responses/block-implementation#use-a-block-to-verify-arguments

expect(Foo).to receive(:bar) do |args|
  expect(args[0]).to eq(:baz)
end

For Rspec 1.3 anything doesn't work when your method is receiving a hash as an argument, so please try with hash_including(:key => val):

Connectors::Scim::Preprocessors::Builder.
    should_receive(:build).
    with(
      hash_including(:connector => connector)
      ).
    and_return(preprocessor)
}

Use the anything matcher:

Foo.should_receive(:bar).with(:baz, anything)