How to find if a variable is allocated in stack or heap?

This is NOT guaranteed by any standard BUT

on most platforms the stack grows down from highest address available, and heap grows up from the bottom if the most significant byte of the address is in the top half of the available memory space for your platform, and you haven't allocated gigabytes of memory, it's a pretty good bet it's on the stack.

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int x = 0;
int* y = new int;

unsigned int a1 = (int) &x;
unsigned int a2 = (int) y;

std::cout<<std::hex<<a1<<"  "<<a2<<std::endl;
}

gives the output ffbff474 21600 on the machine I'm typing this.

If you are working on an architecture that stores the stack on a larger address than the heap, you could compare the variable address with the bottom of the stack. Using the pthread threading API, this comparison would look like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <inttypes.h>

int is_stack(void *ptr)
{
  pthread_t self = pthread_self();
  pthread_attr_t attr;
  void *stack;
  size_t stacksize;
  pthread_getattr_np(self, &attr);
  pthread_attr_getstack(&attr, &stack, &stacksize);
  return ((uintptr_t) ptr >= (uintptr_t) stack
          && (uintptr_t) ptr < (uintptr_t) stack + stacksize);
}

The test:

int main()
{
  int x;
  int *p1 = malloc(sizeof(int));
  int *p2 = &x;

  printf("%d %d\n", is_stack(p1), is_stack(p2));
  return 0;
}

...prints 0 1, as expected.

The above code will not detect storage from stacks in other threads. To do that, the code would need to track all created threads.

No, not in general.

Do you know of gcc -fsplit-stack ?

It is up to the implementation to decide whether to allocate a contiguous stack or a stack where blocks are interleaved with heap blocks in memory. Good luck figuring out whether a block was allocated for the heap or the stack when the latter is split.