How to install module magento 2 don't need run command line bin/magento setup:upgrade

I think system() function will be your friend, if you don't have permission of CLI.

To use this function , just simple create new file in your root server(Let's call it custom.php), then write below code in this file

system('php bin/magento cache:status'); // you can change it to your command

And run this script with http://your base url/custom.php

It will gives you resulted output.

---

You have also second option if you run magento2 command without CLI , but it doesn't gives you any message(I mean success or fail), but you can use if you don't have any option.

For that you have to create a new file(Let's call it custom1.php), and write below code in your file.

<?php

use Magento\Framework\App\Bootstrap;

require __DIR__ . '/app/bootstrap.php';

$bootstrap = Bootstrap::create(BP, $_SERVER);

$obj = $bootstrap->getObjectManager();

$state = $obj->get('Magento\Framework\App\State');
$state->setAreaCode('frontend');
$k[0]='bin/magento';
$k[1]='cache:status'; // write your proper command like setup:upgrade,cache:enable etc...
$_SERVER['argv']=$k;
try {
    $handler = new \Magento\Framework\App\ErrorHandler();
    set_error_handler([$handler, 'handler']);
    $application = new Magento\Framework\Console\Cli('Magento CLI');
    $application->run();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    while ($e) {
        echo $e->getMessage();
        echo $e->getTraceAsString();
        echo "\n\n";
        $e = $e->getPrevious();
    }
}

---

And run this script with http://your base url/custom1.php

---

I know this is very dirty way, but you can use if you want.