How to iterate through all files in a directory, ordered by date created, with some filenames have spaces in their names

Use find in combination with xargs to pass file names with NUL-byte separation, and use a while read loop for efficiency and space preservation:

find /path/to/dir -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -t | while read file
do
    ls "$file" # or whatever you want with $file, which may have spaces
               # so always enclose it in double quotes
done

find generates the list of files, ls arranges them, by time in this case. To reverse the sort order, replace -t with -tr. If you wanted to sort by size, replace -t with -s.

Example:

$ touch -d '2015-06-17' 'foo foo'
$ touch -d '2016-02-12' 'bar bar'
$ touch -d '2016-05-01' 'baz baz'
$ ls -1
bar bar
baz baz
foo foo
$ find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -t | while read file
> do
> ls -l "$file"
> done
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bishop bishop 0 May  1 00:00 ./baz baz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bishop bishop 0 Feb 12 00:00 ./bar bar
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bishop bishop 0 Jun 17  2015 ./foo foo

For completeness, I'll highlight a point from comments to the question: -t is sorting by modification time, which not strictly creation time. The file system on which these files reside dictates whether or not creation time is available. Since your initial attempts used -t, I figured modification time was what you were concerned about, even if it's not pedantically true.

If you want creation time, you'll have to pull it from some source, like stat or the file name if its encoded there. This basically means replacing the xargs -0 ls -t with a suitable command piped to sort, something like: xargs -0 stat -c '%W' | sort -n