How to lazy load images and make them available for print

Based on your desired functionality, I'm not quite sure what you want to do is feasible. As a developer we don't really have control over a users browser. Here are my thoughts as to why this isn't fully possible.

1. Hooking the event to go and load your missing images won't let you guarantee images will make it from the server into your page. More specifically, the PDF generated for your print preview is going to get generated before your image(s) is done loading, the img.src = "..." is asynchronous. You'd run into similar issues with onbeforeprint as well, unfortunately. Sometimes it works, sometimes it does not (example, your fiddle worked when testing in safari, but did not in Chrome)

2. You cannot stall or stop the print call -- you can't force the browser to wait for your image to finish loading in the lazy loading context. (I read something about using alerts to achieve this once, but it seemed really hacky to me, was more of a deterrent to printing than stalling)

3. You cannot force img.src to get that data synchronously in a lazy-load context. There are some methods of doing this, but they are clever hacks -- referenced as pure evil and may not work in always. I found another link with a similar approach

So we have a problem, if the images are not loaded by the time print event is fired, we cannot force the browser to wait until they are done. Sure, we can hook and go get those images on print, but as above points out, we cannot wait for those resources to load before the print preview pops up.

Potential solution (inspired by links in point three as well as this link)

You could almost get away with doing a synchronous XMLHttpRequest. Syncrhonous XMLHTTPRequests will not let you change the responseType, they are always strings. However, you could convert the string value to an arrayBuffer encode it to a base-64 encoded string, and set the src to a dataURL (see the link that referenced clever hacks) -- however, when I tried this I got an error in the jsfiddle -- so it would be possible, if things were configured correctly, in theory. I'm hesitant to say yes you can, since I wasn't able to get the fiddle working with the following (but it's a route you could explore!).

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET","http://unsplash.it/500/300/?image=705",false);
xhr.send(null);
if (request.status === 200) {
    //we cannot change the resposne type in synchronous XMLHTTPRequests
    //we can convert the string into a dataURL though
    var arr = new Uint8Array(this.response);
    // Convert the int array to a binary string
    // We have to use apply() as we are converting an *array*
    // and String.fromCharCode() takes one or more single values, not
    // an array.
    var raw = String.fromCharCode.apply(null,arr);

    // This is supported in modern browsers
    var b64=btoa(raw);
    var dataURL="data:image/jpeg;base64,"+b64;
    img.src = dataURL;
}

Work around to enhance the user experience

Something you could do is have some text that only displays in the print version of your page (via @print css media) that says "images are still loading, cancel your print request and try again" and when the images are finished loading, remove that "still waiting on resources try again message" from the DOM. Farther, you could wrap your main content inside an element that inverses the display to none when content is not loaded, so all you see is that message in the print preview dialog.

Going off of the code you posted this could look something like the following (see updated jsfiddle):

CSS

.printing-not-ready-message{
  display:none;
}
@media print{
  .printing-not-ready-message{
    display:block;
  }
  .do-not-print-content{
    display:none;
  }
}

HTML

<div class="printing-not-ready-message">
Images are still loading please cancel your preview and try again shortly.
</div>
<div class="do-not-print-content">
    <h1>Welcome to my Lazy Page</h1>
    <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7">
    <p>Insert some comment about picture</p>
</div>

JavaScript

window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
  img = document.querySelector('img');
  var isPrinting = window.matchMedia('print');
  isPrinting.addListener((media) => {
    if (media.matches) {
      img.src = 'http://unsplash.it/500/300/?image=705';
      //depending on how the lazy loading is done, the following might
      //exist in some other call, should happen after all images are loaded.
      //There is only 1 image in this example so this code can be called here.
      img.onload = ()=>{
          document.querySelector(".printing-not-ready-message").remove();
          document.querySelector(".do-not-print-content").className=""
      }
    }
  })
});

I'm the author of the vanilla-lazyload script and I've recently developed a feature that makes print of all images possible!

Tested cross browser using this repo code which is live here.

Take a look and let me know what you think! I'm open to pull requests on GitHub of course.