how to listen for SQLite database changes in android

In fact, SQLite offers such functionality: SQLite Data Change Notification Callbacks

How it can be used in Android is another story though..

SQLite doesn't offer any change listener functionality; you have to monitor it yourself. The simplest way to achieve this would be to send a Broadcast (or even better, a LocalBroadcast) anytime you modify the database. Some of the database libraries already offer functionality that is similar to this - check out GreenDAO.