How to manage Firebase Authentication state in Flutter?

In my opinion the best way to manage firebase authentication in flutter is to use the provider package. Your Auth class is missing one important thing which is the onAuthStateChnaged method. You can create a stream as a getter for the onAuthStateChanged inside an Auth class. The Auth class will extend the ChangeNotifier class. ChangeNotifier class is part of the flutter api.

class Auth extends ChangeNotifier {

    final FirebaseAuth _auth = FirebaseAuth.instance;

    // create a getter stream
    Stream<FirebaseUser> get onAuthStateChanged => _auth.onAuthStateChanged;

    //Sign in async functions here ..

}

Wrap your MaterialApp with ChangeNotifierProvider (part of provider package) and return an instance of the Auth class in create method like so:

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return ChangeNotifierProvider(
      create: (context) => Auth(),
      child: new MaterialApp(
      home: Landing(),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Now create landing page as a stateless widget. Use a Consumer or Provider.of(context) and a stream builder to listen to the auth changes and render the login page or home page as appropriate.

class Landing extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    Auth auth = Provider.of<Auth>(context);
    return StreamBuilder<FirebaseUser>(
      stream: auth.onAuthStateChanged,
      builder: (context, snapshot) {
        if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.active) {
          FirebaseUser user = snapshot.data;
          if (user == null) {
            return LogIn();
          }
          return Home();
        } else {
          return Scaffold(
            body: Center(
              child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
            ),
          );
        }
      },
    );
  }
}

You can read more about state management with provider from the official flutter documentation. Follow this link: https://flutter.dev/docs/development/data-and-backend/state-mgmt/simple

Null safe code (using provider)

---

Full code:

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  await Firebase.initializeApp();

  runApp(
    ChangeNotifierProvider<AuthModel>(
      create: (_) => AuthModel(),
      child: MaterialApp(
        home: Consumer<AuthModel>(
          builder: (_, auth, __) => auth.isSignedIn ? HomePage() : WelcomePage(),
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}

class WelcomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('WelcomePage')),
      body: Center(
        child: ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () => Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => LoginPage())),
          child: Text('Go to Login Page'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class LoginPage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Login Page')),
      body: Center(
        child: ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () async {
            final model = context.read<AuthModel>();
            await model.signIn(email: '[email protected]', password: 'test1234');
            Navigator.pop(context);
          },
          child: Text('Login'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('HomePage')),
      body: Center(
        child: FloatingActionButton.extended(
          onPressed: () async {
            final model = context.read<AuthModel>();
            await model.signOut();
          },
          label: Text('Log out'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class AuthModel extends ChangeNotifier {
  final FirebaseAuth _auth = FirebaseAuth.instance;

  bool get isSignedIn => _auth.currentUser != null;

  Future<void> signIn({required String email, required String password}) async {
    await _auth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(email: email, password: password);
    notifyListeners();
  }

  Future<void> signOut() async {
    await _auth.signOut();
    notifyListeners();
  }
}

Screenshot:

---

I'm not sure how you were doing it, so I added a minimal working code, I didn't make any changes to your Auth class. Although it is a good idea to use Provider but you can get things done with static method also.

Edited code:

void main() {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  runApp(MaterialApp(home: MyApp()));
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return StreamBuilder<FirebaseUser>(
      stream: Auth.auth.onAuthStateChanged,
      builder: (context, snapshot) {
        if (snapshot.hasData) return HomeScreen();
         else return WelcomeScreen();
      },
    );
  }
}

class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Home Screen')),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton.extended(
        label: Text('Sign out'),
        onPressed: Auth.logout,
      ),
    );
  }
}

class WelcomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Welcome Screen')),
      body: Center(
        child: RaisedButton(
          onPressed: () => Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => LoginPage())),
          child: Text('Go to Login Page'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

class LoginPage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Login Page')),
      body: Center(
        child: RaisedButton(
          onPressed: () async {
            await Auth.loginUser('[email protected]', 'test1234');
            await Navigator.pushAndRemoveUntil(context, MaterialPageRoute(builder: (_) => MyApp()), (_) => false);
          },
          child: Text('Login'),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}