How to print a dictionary line by line in Python?
for x in cars:
print (x)
for y in cars[x]:
print (y,':',cars[x][y])
output:
A
color : 2
speed : 70
B
color : 3
speed : 60
pprint.pprint()
is a good tool for this job:
>>> import pprint
>>> cars = {'A':{'speed':70,
... 'color':2},
... 'B':{'speed':60,
... 'color':3}}
>>> pprint.pprint(cars, width=1)
{'A': {'color': 2,
'speed': 70},
'B': {'color': 3,
'speed': 60}}
A more generalized solution that handles arbitrarily-deeply nested dicts and lists would be:
def dumpclean(obj):
if isinstance(obj, dict):
for k, v in obj.items():
if hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
print k
dumpclean(v)
else:
print '%s : %s' % (k, v)
elif isinstance(obj, list):
for v in obj:
if hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
dumpclean(v)
else:
print v
else:
print obj
This produces the output:
A
color : 2
speed : 70
B
color : 3
speed : 60
I ran into a similar need and developed a more robust function as an exercise for myself. I'm including it here in case it can be of value to another. In running nosetest, I also found it helpful to be able to specify the output stream in the call so that sys.stderr could be used instead.
import sys
def dump(obj, nested_level=0, output=sys.stdout):
spacing = ' '
if isinstance(obj, dict):
print >> output, '%s{' % ((nested_level) * spacing)
for k, v in obj.items():
if hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
print >> output, '%s%s:' % ((nested_level + 1) * spacing, k)
dump(v, nested_level + 1, output)
else:
print >> output, '%s%s: %s' % ((nested_level + 1) * spacing, k, v)
print >> output, '%s}' % (nested_level * spacing)
elif isinstance(obj, list):
print >> output, '%s[' % ((nested_level) * spacing)
for v in obj:
if hasattr(v, '__iter__'):
dump(v, nested_level + 1, output)
else:
print >> output, '%s%s' % ((nested_level + 1) * spacing, v)
print >> output, '%s]' % ((nested_level) * spacing)
else:
print >> output, '%s%s' % (nested_level * spacing, obj)
Using this function, the OP's output looks like this:
{
A:
{
color: 2
speed: 70
}
B:
{
color: 3
speed: 60
}
}
which I personally found to be more useful and descriptive.
Given the slightly less-trivial example of:
{"test": [{1:3}], "test2":[(1,2),(3,4)],"test3": {(1,2):['abc', 'def', 'ghi'],(4,5):'def'}}
The OP's requested solution yields this:
test
1 : 3
test3
(1, 2)
abc
def
ghi
(4, 5) : def
test2
(1, 2)
(3, 4)
whereas the 'enhanced' version yields this:
{
test:
[
{
1: 3
}
]
test3:
{
(1, 2):
[
abc
def
ghi
]
(4, 5): def
}
test2:
[
(1, 2)
(3, 4)
]
}
I hope this provides some value to the next person looking for this type of functionality.
You could use the json
module for this. The dumps
function in this module converts a JSON object into a properly formatted string which you can then print.
import json
cars = {'A':{'speed':70, 'color':2},
'B':{'speed':60, 'color':3}}
print(json.dumps(cars, indent = 4))
The output looks like
{ "A": { "color": 2, "speed": 70 }, "B": { "color": 3, "speed": 60 } }
The documentation also specifies a bunch of useful options for this method.