How to programmatically enumerate an enum type?

There is no concept of RTTI (runtime type information) in TypeScript (think: reflection) so in order to do this, knowledge of the transpiled JavaScript is required. So, assuming TypeScript 0.95:

enum MyEnum {
    First, Second, Third
}

becomes:

var MyEnum;
(function(MyEnum) {
    MyEnum[MyEnum["First"] = 0] = "First";
    MyEnum[MyEnum["Second"] = 1] = "Second";
    MyEnum[MyEnum["Third"] = 2] = "Third";
}

So, this is modeled as a regular object in javascript, where MyEnum.0 == "First" and MyEnum.First == 0. So, to enumerate all of the enum names, you need to get all properties that belong to the object and that are also not numbers:

for (var prop in MyEnum) {         
    if (MyEnum.hasOwnProperty(prop) &&
        (isNaN(parseInt(prop)))) {
        console.log("name: " + prop);
    }
}

Ok, so now I've told you how to do it, I'm allowed to tell you this is a bad idea. You're not writing a managed language, so you can't bring these habits. It's still just plain old JavaScript. If I wanted to use a structure in JavaScript to populate some kind of choices list, I would use a plain old array. An enum is not the right choice here, pun intended. The goal of TypeScript is to generate idiomatic, pretty JavaScript. Using enums in this way does not preserve this goal.

With TypeScript >= 2.4 you can define string enums:

enum Color {
  RED = 'Red',
  ORANGE = 'Orange',
  YELLOW = 'Yellow',
  GREEN = 'Green',
  BLUE = 'Blue',
  INDIGO = 'Indigo',
  VIOLET = 'Violet'
}

JavaScript ES5 output:

var Color;
(function (Color) {
    Color["RED"] = "Red";
    Color["ORANGE"] = "Orange";
    Color["YELLOW"] = "Yellow";
    Color["GREEN"] = "Green";
    Color["BLUE"] = "Blue";
    Color["INDIGO"] = "Indigo";
    Color["VIOLET"] = "Violet";
})(Color || (Color = {}));

Which is an object like this:

const Color = {
  "RED": "Red",
  "ORANGE": "Orange",
  "YELLOW": "Yellow",
  "GREEN": "Green",
  "BLUE": "Blue",
  "INDIGO": "Indigo",
  "VIOLET": "Violet"
}

Thus, in the case of string enums, no need to filter things, Object.keys(Color) and Object.values(Color) are enough:

const colorKeys = Object.keys(Color) as (keyof typeof Color)[];
console.log('colorKeys =', colorKeys);
// ["RED", "ORANGE", "YELLOW", "GREEN", "BLUE", "INDIGO", "VIOLET"]

const colorValues = Object.values(Color);
console.log('colorValues =', colorValues);
// ["Red", "Orange", "Yellow", "Green", "Blue", "Indigo", "Violet"]

colorKeys.map(colorKey => {
  console.log(`color key = ${colorKey}, value = ${Color[colorKey]}`);
});
/*
color key = RED, value = Red
color key = ORANGE, value = Orange
color key = YELLOW, value = Yellow
color key = GREEN, value = Green
color key = BLUE, value = Blue
color key = INDIGO, value = Indigo
color key = VIOLET, value = Violet
*/

See online example on TypeScript playground

You can add functions to get the names and indices of the enum:

enum MyEnum {
  First,
  Second,
  Third
}

namespace MyEnum {
  function isIndex(key):boolean {
    const n = ~~Number(key);
    return String(n) === key && n >= 0;
  }

  const _names:string[] = Object
      .keys(MyEnum)
      .filter(key => !isIndex(key));

  const _indices:number[] = Object
      .keys(MyEnum)
      .filter(key => isIndex(key))
      .map(index => Number(index));

  export function names():string[] {
    return _names;
  }

  export function indices():number[] {
    return _indices;
  }
}

console.log("MyEnum names:", MyEnum.names());
// Prints: MyEnum names: ["First", "Second", "Third"]

console.log("MyEnum indices:", MyEnum.indices());
// Prints: MyEnum indices: [0, 1, 2]

Note that you could just export the _names and _indices consts rather than exposing them through an exported function, but because the exported members are members of the enum it is arguably clearer to have them as functions so they are not confused with the actual enum members.

It would be nice if TypeScript generated something like this automatically for all enums.

This is the JavaScript output of that enum:

var MyEnum;
(function (MyEnum) {
    MyEnum[MyEnum["First"] = 0] = "First";
    MyEnum[MyEnum["Second"] = 1] = "Second";
    MyEnum[MyEnum["Third"] = 2] = "Third";
})(MyEnum || (MyEnum = {}));

Which is an object like this:

{
    "0": "First",
    "1": "Second",
    "2": "Third",
    "First": 0,
    "Second": 1,
    "Third": 2
}

Enum Members with String Values

TypeScript 2.4 added the ability for enums to possibly have string enum member values. So it's possible to end up with an enum that look like the following:

enum MyEnum {
    First = "First",
    Second = 2,
    Other = "Second"
}

// compiles to
var MyEnum;
(function (MyEnum) {
    MyEnum["First"] = "First";
    MyEnum[MyEnum["Second"] = 2] = "Second";
    MyEnum["Other"] = "Second";
})(MyEnum || (MyEnum = {}));

Getting Member Names

We can look at the example immediately above to try to figure out how to get the enum members:

{
    "2": "Second",
    "First": "First",
    "Second": 2,
    "Other": "Second"
}

Here's what I came up with:

const e = MyEnum as any;
const names = Object.keys(e).filter(k => 
    typeof e[k] === "number"
    || e[k] === k
    || e[e[k]]?.toString() !== k
);

Member Values

Once, we have the names, we can loop over them to get the corresponding value by doing:

const values = names.map(k => MyEnum[k]);

Extension Class

I think the best way to do this is to create your own functions (ex. EnumEx.getNames(MyEnum)). You can't add a function to an enum.

class EnumEx {
    private constructor() {
    }

    static getNamesAndValues(e: any) {
        return EnumEx.getNames(e).map(n => ({ name: n, value: e[n] as string | number }));
    }

    static getNames(e: any) {
        return Object.keys(e).filter(k => 
            typeof e[k] === "number"
            || e[k] === k
            || e[e[k]]?.toString() !== k
        );
    }

    static getValues(e: any) {
        return EnumEx.getNames(e).map(n => e[n] as string | number);
    }
}