How to reinstall VSCode without losing extensions and user settings
You can find all settings and preferences for visual studio code here: C:\Users[USER_NAME]\AppData\Roaming\Code
You'll notice some cache directories there. You may try clearing those before a reinstall. My intellisense and formatting randomly quit working all the time and clearing the cache fixes my issues.
I just downloaded vsCode again and installed over the top of my existing install.
This preserved everything and fixed my "Your Code installation appears to be corrupt. Please reinstall." issue.
I uninstalled and re-installed and my settings all seemed preserved. Some Extensions were disabled but still, it seems to work smoothly with no loss in extensions.