How to rotate a vertex around a certain point?

The easiest approach is to compose three transformations:

1. A translation that brings point 1 to the origin
2. Rotation around the origin by the required angle
3. A translation that brings point 1 back to its original position

When you work this all out, you end up with the following transformation (where x is the desired angle of rotation in radians):

newX = centerX + (point2x-centerX)*Math.cos(x) - (point2y-centerY)*Math.sin(x);

newY = centerY + (point2x-centerX)*Math.sin(x) + (point2y-centerY)*Math.cos(x);

Note that this makes the assumption that the angle x is negative for clockwise rotation (the so-called standard or right-hand orientation for the coordinate system). If that's not the case, then you would need to reverse the sign on the terms involving sin(x).

Assuming you are usign the Java Graphics2D API, try this code -

    Point2D result = new Point2D.Double();
    AffineTransform rotation = new AffineTransform();
    double angleInRadians = (angle * Math.PI / 180);
    rotation.rotate(angleInRadians, pivot.getX(), pivot.getY());
    rotation.transform(point, result);
    return result;

where pivot is the point you are rotating around.

You need a 2-d rotation matrix http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

Your new point will be

 newX = centerX + ( cosX * (point2X-centerX) + sinX * (point2Y -centerY))
 newY = centerY + ( -sinX * (point2X-centerX) + cosX * (point2Y -centerY))

because you are rotating clockwise rather than anticlockwise

1. Translate "1" to 0,0

2. Rotate

   x = sin(angle) * r; y = cos(angle) * r;

3. Translate it back