How to run Kotlin class from the command line?
You can compile using kotlinc
as follows:
$ kotlinc hello.kt -include-runtime -d hello.jar
and then you can run jar file as follows:
$ java -jar hello.jar
I struggled with this for a while as well. You're close, you just need to include your jar in the classpath and pass the qualified name of your "main" class as the primary argument to java.
It's important to consider that you may not be in the same folder as your main.kt
when you try to run your project, and it's not always clear how to tell Kotlin (or Java) to find it.
Assuming that:
- You're trying to compile and run from a Windows command prompt.
- You have this project structure (after IntelliJ Idea sets up a command-line Kotlin project):
MyNiftyProject
src
main
kotlin
main.kt
- You're in the project root.
- And you have this
main.kt
file:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("Hello World!")
}
Compile like this:
kotlinc src/main/kotlin/main.kt -include-runtime -d MyNiftyProject.jar
This puts MyNiftyProject.jar
in the root of your project.
Then run like this using the java
command-line tool:
java -jar MyNiftyProject.jar
Or run like this using the kotlin
command-line tool:
kotlin -classpath MyNiftyProject.jar MainKt
Knowing the Name of Your Main Class
To run a Kotlin class you are actually running a special class that is created at the file level that hold your main()
and other functions that are top-level (outside of a class or interface). So if your code is:
// file App.kt
package com.my.stuff
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
...
}
Then you can execute the program by running the com.my.stuff.AppKt
class. This name is derived from your filename with Kt
appended. You can change the name of this class within the file by adding this file-targeted annotation:
@file:JvmName("Foo")
You can also put your main()
into a class with a companion object and make it static
using the JvmStatic
annotation. Therefore your class name is the one you chose:
// file App.kt
package com.my.stuff
class MyApp {
companion object {
@JvmStatic fun main(args: Array<String>) {
...
}
}
}
Now you just run the class com.my.stuff.MyApp
What other JAR files do I need?
You need your application JAR and any dependencies. For Kotlin specific JARs when outside of Maven/Gradle you need a Kotlin distribution which contains:
kotlin-stdlib.jar
(the standard library)kotlin-reflect.jar
only if using Kotlin reflectionkotlin-test.jar
for unit tests that use Kotlin assertion classes
Running from Intellij
If in Intellij (if it is your IDE) you can right click on the main()
function and select Run, it will create a runtime configuration for you and show the fully qualified class name that will be used. You can always use that if you are unsure of the name of the generated class.
Running from Gradle
You can also use the Gradle Application plugin to run a process from Gradle, or to create a runnable system that includes a zip/tgz of your JAR and all of its dependencies, and a startup script. Using the example class above, you would add this to your build.gradle
:
apply plugin: 'application'
mainClassName = 'com.my.stuff.AppKt'
// optional: add one string per argument you want as the default JVM args
applicationDefaultJvmArgs = ["-Xms512m", "-Xmx1g"]
And then from the command-line use:
// run the program
gradle run
// debug the program
gradle run --debug-jvm
// create a distribution (distTar, distZip, installDist, ...)
gradle distTar
Running Directly from Java Command-line
If you have a runnable JAR, and assuming KOTLIN_LIB
points to a directory where Kotlin runtime library files reside:
java -cp $KOTLIN_LIB/kotlin-stdlib.jar:MyApp.jar com.my.stuff.AppKt
See the notes above about other JAR files you might need. A slight variation if you have a runnable JAR (with the manifest pointing at com.my.stuff.AppKt
as the main class):
java -cp $KOTLIN_LIB/kotlin-stdlib.jar -jar MyApp.jar
Running using the Kotlin command-line tool
If you install Kotlin tools via Homebrew or other package manager. (on Mac OS X brew update ; brew install kotlin
) Then it is very simple to run:
kotlin -cp MyApp.jar com.my.stuff.AppKt
This command adds the stdlib to the classpath provided, then runs the class. You may need to add additional Kotlin libraries as mentioned in the section above "Running from Java."
Creating runnable JAR with the Kotlin compiler
This is not very common since most people use other build tools, but the Kotlin compiler can create a runnable Jar that solves this for you (see http://kotlinlang.org/docs/tutorials/command-line.html) when it bundles the runtime and your code together. Although this isn't as common when using tools such as Maven and Gradle, or IDE builds. Then run using the normal Java:
java -jar MyApp.jar