How to show $\int_{[0, +\infty)} \frac{2}{1+x^2} \text dx$ Lebesgue integrable?
Hint.
Slice the image of $f(x)=\frac{2}{1+x^2}$, i.e. $(0,+\infty$ in equal slices of thickness $\frac{1}{n}$. Compute the reverse image of each slice which is for each a union of a pair of disjoint intervals.
Take the measure of each reverse slices and make the Lebesgue sum. Then prove that this is the $\sup$ of all $\{\psi \le f, \psi\text{ simple function and integrable }\}$