how to substr in javascript code example

Example 1: js get first 3 characters of string

const string = "0123456789";
console.log(string.slice(0, 2)); // "01"
console.log(string.slice(0, 8)); // "01234567"
console.log(string.slice(3, 7)); // "3456"

Example 2: substring javascript

var str = "Hello world!";
var res = str.substring(1, 4); //ell

Example 3: substr() javascript

const str = 'substr';

console.log(str.substr(1, 2)); // (1, 2): ub
console.log(str.substr(1)); // (1): ubstr

/* Percorrendo de trás para frente */
console.log(str.substr(-3, 2)); // (-3, 2): st
console.log(str.substr(-3)); // (-3): str