How to trigger an event in input text after I stop typing/writing?

You'll have to use a setTimeout (like you are) but also store the reference so you can keep resetting the limit. Something like:

//
// $('#element').donetyping(callback[, timeout=1000])
// Fires callback when a user has finished typing. This is determined by the time elapsed
// since the last keystroke and timeout parameter or the blur event--whichever comes first.
//   @callback: function to be called when even triggers
//   @timeout:  (default=1000) timeout, in ms, to to wait before triggering event if not
//              caused by blur.
// Requires jQuery 1.7+
//
;(function($){
    $.fn.extend({
        donetyping: function(callback,timeout){
            timeout = timeout || 1e3; // 1 second default timeout
            var timeoutReference,
                doneTyping = function(el){
                    if (!timeoutReference) return;
                    timeoutReference = null;
                    callback.call(el);
                };
            return this.each(function(i,el){
                var $el = $(el);
                // Chrome Fix (Use keyup over keypress to detect backspace)
                // thank you @palerdot
                $el.is(':input') && $el.on('keyup keypress paste',function(e){
                    // This catches the backspace button in chrome, but also prevents
                    // the event from triggering too preemptively. Without this line,
                    // using tab/shift+tab will make the focused element fire the callback.
                    if (e.type=='keyup' && e.keyCode!=8) return;
                    
                    // Check if timeout has been set. If it has, "reset" the clock and
                    // start over again.
                    if (timeoutReference) clearTimeout(timeoutReference);
                    timeoutReference = setTimeout(function(){
                        // if we made it here, our timeout has elapsed. Fire the
                        // callback
                        doneTyping(el);
                    }, timeout);
                }).on('blur',function(){
                    // If we can, fire the event since we're leaving the field
                    doneTyping(el);
                });
            });
        }
    });
})(jQuery);

$('#example').donetyping(function(){
  $('#example-output').text('Event last fired @ ' + (new Date().toUTCString()));
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<input type="text" id="example" />
<p id="example-output">Nothing yet</p>

That will execute when:

  1. The timeout has elapsed, or
  2. The user switched fields (blur event)

(Whichever comes first)


SOLUTION:

Here is the solution. Executing a function after the user has stopped typing for a specified amount of time:

var delay = (function(){
  var timer = 0;
  return function(callback, ms){
  clearTimeout (timer);
  timer = setTimeout(callback, ms);
 };
})();

Usage

$('input').keyup(function() {
  delay(function(){
    alert('Hi, func called');
  }, 1000 );
});

You can use underscore.js "debounce"

$('input#username').keypress( _.debounce( function(){<your ajax call here>}, 500 ) );

This means that your function call will execute after 500ms of pressing a key. But if you press another key (another keypress event is fired) before the 500ms, the previous function execution will be ignored (debounced) and the new one will execute after a fresh 500ms timer.

For extra info, using _.debounce(func,timer,true) would mean that the first function will execute and all other keypress events withing subsequent 500ms timers would be ignored.