How to trigger event when a variable's value is changed?

Seems to me like you want to create a property.

public int MyProperty
{
    get { return _myProperty; }
    set
    {
        _myProperty = value;
        if (_myProperty == 1)
        {
            // DO SOMETHING HERE
        }
    }
}

private int _myProperty;

This allows you to run some code any time the property value changes. You could raise an event here, if you wanted.

You can use a property setter to raise an event whenever the value of a field is going to change.

You can have your own EventHandler delegate or you can use the famous System.EventHandler delegate.

Usually there's a pattern for this:

1. Define a public event with an event handler delegate (that has an argument of type EventArgs).
2. Define a protected virtual method called OnXXXXX (OnMyPropertyValueChanged for example). In this method you should check if the event handler delegate is null and if not you can call it (it means that there are one or more methods attached to the event delegation).
3. Call this protected method whenever you want to notify subscribers that something has changed.

Here's an example

private int _age;

//#1
public event System.EventHandler AgeChanged;

//#2
protected virtual void OnAgeChanged()
{ 
     if (AgeChanged != null) AgeChanged(this,EventArgs.Empty); 
}

public int Age
{
    get
    {
         return _age;
    }

    set
    {
         //#3
         _age=value;
         OnAgeChanged();
    }
 }

The advantage of this approach is that you let any other classes that want to inherit from your class to change the behavior if necessary.

If you want to catch an event in a different thread that it's being raised you must be careful not to change the state of objects that are defined in another thread which will cause a cross thread exception to be thrown. To avoid this you can either use an Invoke method on the object that you want to change its state to make sure that the change is happening in the same thread that the event has been raised or in case that you are dealing with a Windows Form you can use a BackgourndWorker to do things in a parallel thread nice and easy.

The .NET framework actually provides an interface that you can use for notifying subscribers when a property has changed: System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged. This interface has one event PropertyChanged. Its usually used in WPF for binding but I have found it useful in business layers as a way to standardize property change notification.

In terms of thread safety I would put a lock under in the setter so that you don't run into any race conditions.

Here are my thoughts in code :) :

public class MyClass : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private object _lock;

    public int MyProperty
    {
        get
        {
            return _myProperty;
        }
        set
        {
            lock(_lock)
            {
                //The property changed event will get fired whenever
                //the value changes. The subscriber will do work if the value is
                //1. This way you can keep your business logic outside of the setter
                if(value != _myProperty)
                {
                    _myProperty = value;
                    NotifyPropertyChanged("MyProperty");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
    {
        //Raise PropertyChanged event
    }
    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
}


public class MySubscriber
{
    private MyClass _myClass;        

    void PropertyChangedInMyClass(object sender, PropertyChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        switch(e.PropertyName)
        {
            case "MyProperty":
                DoWorkOnMyProperty(_myClass.MyProperty);
                break;
        }
    }

    void DoWorkOnMyProperty(int newValue)
    {
        if(newValue == 1)
        {
             //DO WORK HERE
        }
    }
}

Hope this is helpful :)