How to uppercase Javascript object keys?

As of 2019 you can use Object.fromEntries:

let populations = {london: 8.9, beijing: 21.54, mumbai: 18.41};  // March 2020

let entries = Object.entries(populations);
let capsEntries = entries.map((entry) => [entry[0][0].toUpperCase() + entry[0].slice(1), entry[1]]);
let capsPopulations = Object.fromEntries(capsEntries);

console.log(capsPopulations);

Loop through delete and replace:

var obj = [{key1: 1,key2: 1},{key3: 1,key4: 1}];
for(var i = 0; i<obj.length;i++) {

    var a = obj[i];
    for (var key in a) {
        if (a.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          a[key.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + key.substring(1)] = a[key];
          delete a[key];
          
        }
    }
    obj[i] = a;

}