How to use cut with multiple character delimiter in Unix?

Since | is a valid regex expression, it needs to be escaped with \\| or put in square brackets: [|].

You can do this:

awk -F' \\|\\|\\| ' '{print $1}' file

Some other variations that work as well:

awk -F' [|][|][|] ' '{print "$1"}' file
awk -F' [|]{3} ' '{print "$1"}' file
awk -F' \\|{3} ' '{print "$1"}' file
awk -F' \\|+ ' '{print "$1"}' file
awk -F' [|]+ ' '{print "$1"}' file

\ as separator does not work well in square brackets, only escaping, and many escape chars :)

cat file
abc \\\ xyz \\\ foo bar

Example: 4 \ for every \ in the expression, so 12 \ in total.

awk -F' \\\\\\\\\\\\ ' '{print $2}' file
xyz

or

awk -F' \\\\{3} ' '{print $2}' file
xyz

or this but it's not much simpler

awk -F' [\\\\]{3} ' '{print $2}' file
xyz

awk -F' [\\\\][\\\\][\\\\] ' '{print $2}' file
xyz