huffman code encoding time complexity code example

Example: huffman coding algorithm code

// Huffman Coding in C++

#include 
using namespace std;

#define MAX_TREE_HT 50

struct MinHNode {
  unsigned freq;
  char item;
  struct MinHNode *left, *right;
};

struct MinH {
  unsigned size;
  unsigned capacity;
  struct MinHNode **array;
};

// Creating Huffman tree node
struct MinHNode *newNode(char item, unsigned freq) {
  struct MinHNode *temp = (struct MinHNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHNode));

  temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
  temp->item = item;
  temp->freq = freq;

  return temp;
}

// Create min heap using given capacity
struct MinH *createMinH(unsigned capacity) {
  struct MinH *minHeap = (struct MinH *)malloc(sizeof(struct MinH));
  minHeap->size = 0;
  minHeap->capacity = capacity;
  minHeap->array = (struct MinHNode **)malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHNode *));
  return minHeap;
}

// Swap function
void swapMinHNode(struct MinHNode **a, struct MinHNode **b) {
  struct MinHNode *t = *a;
  *a = *b;
  *b = t;
}

// Heapify
void minHeapify(struct MinH *minHeap, int idx) {
  int smallest = idx;
  int left = 2 * idx + 1;
  int right = 2 * idx + 2;

  if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
    smallest = left;

  if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq)
    smallest = right;

  if (smallest != idx) {
    swapMinHNode(&minHeap->array[smallest],
           &minHeap->array[idx]);
    minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
  }
}

// Check if size if 1
int checkSizeOne(struct MinH *minHeap) {
  return (minHeap->size == 1);
}

// Extract the min
struct MinHNode *extractMin(struct MinH *minHeap) {
  struct MinHNode *temp = minHeap->array[0];
  minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];

  --minHeap->size;
  minHeapify(minHeap, 0);

  return temp;
}

// Insertion
void insertMinHeap(struct MinH *minHeap, struct MinHNode *minHeapNode) {
  ++minHeap->size;
  int i = minHeap->size - 1;

  while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
    minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
    i = (i - 1) / 2;
  }

  minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}

// BUild min heap
void buildMinHeap(struct MinH *minHeap) {
  int n = minHeap->size - 1;
  int i;

  for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i)
    minHeapify(minHeap, i);
}

int isLeaf(struct MinHNode *root) {
  return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}

struct MinH *createAndBuildMinHeap(char item[], int freq[], int size) {
  struct MinH *minHeap = createMinH(size);

  for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    minHeap->array[i] = newNode(item[i], freq[i]);

  minHeap->size = size;
  buildMinHeap(minHeap);

  return minHeap;
}

struct MinHNode *buildHfTree(char item[], int freq[], int size) {
  struct MinHNode *left, *right, *top;
  struct MinH *minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(item, freq, size);

  while (!checkSizeOne(minHeap)) {
    left = extractMin(minHeap);
    right = extractMin(minHeap);

    top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);

    top->left = left;
    top->right = right;

    insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
  }
  return extractMin(minHeap);
}
void printHCodes(struct MinHNode *root, int arr[], int top) {
  if (root->left) {
    arr[top] = 0;
    printHCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
  }

  if (root->right) {
    arr[top] = 1;
    printHCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
  }
  if (isLeaf(root)) {
    cout << root->item << "  | ";
    printArray(arr, top);
  }
}

// Wrapper function
void HuffmanCodes(char item[], int freq[], int size) {
  struct MinHNode *root = buildHfTree(item, freq, size);

  int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;

  printHCodes(root, arr, top);
}

// Print the array
void printArray(int arr[], int n) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    cout << arr[i];

  cout << "\n";
}

int main() {
  char arr[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'};
  int freq[] = {5, 1, 6, 3};

  int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

  cout << "Char | Huffman code ";
  cout << "\n----------------------\n";
  HuffmanCodes(arr, freq, size);
}