If voltage is same in two points why does electron move?

For the same reason an object can theoretically slide at constant velocity on a surface having zero friction without the application of a force, electrons can theoretically flow between points A and B without a voltage between A and B if there is zero resistance between the points. The electrical resistance is analogous to the mechanical friction.

However, in the real world there is no such thing as zero friction and no such thing as zero resistance (an exception being low temperature super conductors). In electrical circuit diagrams the wires connecting electrical components are assumed to have resistance so much less than the components that it can be ignored so that there are no voltage differences along the wires.

Then velocity of electron will become less after passing through a resistor?

No, and that is a common misconception.

The current in a resistor (rate of charge transport across any cross sectional area of the resistor) is the same throughout the resistor. The electrons do not slow down on average as they move through the resistor. If less electrons per unit time exit the resistor than enter it, electrons would pile up in the resistor, which doesn't happen. However, for a given voltage between two points, the greater the resistance between the points, lower the current (the slower all the electrons will move through the resistor).

The reason why the electrons don't slow down in the resistor is that the kinetic energy they lose in collisions with the atoms and molecules of the resistor as heat is continuously replenished by the work done by the force of the electric field applied to the resistor, so that the average kinetic energy of the electrons remains constant (the average drift velocity of the electrons remains constant). A mechanical analogy is pushing an object at constant velocity on a surface with friction.

Hope this helps.


"We know that [at] point A and B there is same voltage." There isn't. There will be enough of a voltage difference between A and B to drive a current through the wire. The resistance of the wire between A and B is, we assume, very low, so only a very small voltage difference will be needed.


I'm afraid this is like asking "if the river is level, why does the water move?" Because the water is under pressure.

Voltage is akin to pressure. The point of confusion arises because you're ignoring the fact that the battery is creating "pressure" (a potential difference). And what you're asking is, "why does the water in the river have the same pressure at two points along its length?"

Perhaps what you've forgotten is that you can't actually measure voltage at one point. It must be measured against a reference point. You've forgotten that the potential difference between two arbitrary points on a wire and "ground" is the same. From a very simplistic perspective, it's the "ground" reference (or a bit more accurately, the voltage potential between the reference and the test point) that's making the electron move.