Importing data into R from google spreadsheet
I just wrote a simple package to solve exactly this problem: downloading a Google sheet using just the URL.
install.packages('gsheet')
library(gsheet)
gsheet2tbl('docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1I9mJsS5QnXF2TNNntTy-HrcdHmIF9wJ8ONYvEJTXSNo')
More detail is here: https://github.com/maxconway/gsheet
Use the googlesheets4 package, a Google Sheets R API by Jenny Bryan. It is the best way to analyze and edit Google Sheets data in R. Not only can it pull data from Google Sheets, but you can edit the data in Google Sheets, create new sheets, etc.
The package can be installed with install.packages("googlesheets4")
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There's a vignette for getting started; see her GitHub repository for more. And you also can install the latest development version of the package from that GitHub page, if desired.