In Win32, is there a way to test if a socket is non-blocking?

A slightly longer answer would be: No, but you will usually know whether or not it is, because it is relatively well-defined.

All sockets are blocking unless you explicitly ioctlsocket() them with FIONBIO or hand them to either WSAAsyncSelect or WSAEventSelect. The latter two functions "secretly" change the socket to non-blocking.

Since you know whether you have called one of those 3 functions, even though you cannot query the status, it is still known. The obvious exception is if that socket comes from some 3rd party library of which you don't know what exactly it has been doing to the socket.

Sidenote: Funnily, a socket can be blocking and overlapped at the same time, which does not immediately seem intuitive, but it kind of makes sense because they come from opposite paradigms (readiness vs completion).

Previously, you could call WSAIsBlocking to determine this. If you are managing legacy code, this may still be an option.

Otherwise, you could write a simple abstraction layer over the socket API. Since all sockets are blocking by default, you could maintain an internal flag and force all socket ops through your API so you always know the state.

Here is a cross-platform snippet to set/get the blocking mode, although it doesn't do exactly what you want:

/// @author Stephen Dunn
/// @date 10/12/15
bool set_blocking_mode(const int &socket, bool is_blocking)
{
    bool ret = true;

#ifdef WIN32
    /// @note windows sockets are created in blocking mode by default
    // currently on windows, there is no easy way to obtain the socket's current blocking mode since WSAIsBlocking was deprecated
    u_long flags = is_blocking ? 0 : 1;
    ret = NO_ERROR == ioctlsocket(socket, FIONBIO, &flags);
#else
    const int flags = fcntl(socket, F_GETFL, 0);
    if ((flags & O_NONBLOCK) && !is_blocking) { info("set_blocking_mode(): socket was already in non-blocking mode"); return ret; }
    if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK) && is_blocking) { info("set_blocking_mode(): socket was already in blocking mode"); return ret; }
    ret = 0 == fcntl(socket, F_SETFL, is_blocking ? flags ^ O_NONBLOCK : flags | O_NONBLOCK);
#endif

    return ret;
}